Movements that emerge when a group of writers, filmmakers, artists, composers,
or musicians puts forth a new definition of literature, film, art, or music—and sets in motion new relations
(aesthetic and social) of word, image, sound. Manifestos—statements of position—that articulate or
counter such definitions. Movements created by scholars or critics after the fact. Focuses on one or two
related movements (e.g., romanticism and realism, surrealism and negritude, new wave and third cinema).