Notions of nation, empire, and race precipitated by presence of Muslims, Jews, and Christians in Iberia in 12th and 13th centuries. Toledo as center of translation, technology, innovation, design, and philosophical inquiry for all of Europe. How Iberian literary works differed from those produced in the rest of Western Europe. Readings from Saint Isidore, Ibn Hazm, Averroes (Ibn Rushd), and Maimonides. prereq: A grade of C- or better in SPAN 3104W or SPAN 3104V or TLDO 3104W or ARGN 3104W or SPAN 3105W or SPAN 3105V or TLDO 3105W or SPAN 3107W or SPAN 3107V or TLDO 3107W